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WaterVaporPressure

Magnus Formula (Alduchov–Eskridge)

The Magnus formula is the simplest practical saturation-pressure equation; the Alduchov–Eskridge coefficients make it accurate to about 0.4% and let it invert to the dew point.

P = 610.94 · exp[17.625 · T / (243.04 + T)],   T in °C
Valid range:
-40 to 60 °C
Phase:
over water

Try it

Magnus (Alduchov–Eskridge 1996)
3.1617 kPa
-0.26% vs IAPWS-95

Simple, and it inverts

The Magnus form — also called the August–Roche–Magnus equation — is a single exponential with just two fitted constants. Alduchov and Eskridge (1996) re-optimized those constants (17.625 and 243.04 °C) to minimize the error against accurate references over −40 to +60 °C, where it stays within about 0.4%. It is the recommended meteorological set.

Its defining advantage is algebraic: because the temperature appears in a simple ratio inside the exponential, the equation can be solved for temperature in closed form. That inversion is exactly the dew-point formula, using the same two constants.

Where it shines, and where it fades

Reach for Magnus in meteorology and humidity work near ambient temperatures, and whenever you need the dew-point relationship. The same constants power this site's dew point calculator, so the two stay perfectly consistent.

Above roughly 60 °C the two-constant fit drifts; for hot or high-pressure conditions switch to Buck or IAPWS-95.

Compare with other formulas

See this and every other formula side by side, with the live deviation from IAPWS-95 at your temperature, on the main calculator. The Antoine equation has its own page.

References

Every formula on this page is implemented from, and validated against, the following primary standards and papers.

Reviewed by Jimmy Raymond, Engineer
B.S. Environmental Engineering · B.S. Computer Science · Last reviewed June 4, 2026

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